Linux

Windows 10 – Installing Linux SubSystem

Daniel Adeniji Linux, Microsoft, MS Windows, PowerShell, Rich Turner, Technical, Windows 10, Windows Subsystem for Linux ( WSL )

Background

Availing Linux on MS Windows 10.

Here is the guide that we will be using:

Windows 10 Installation Guide
Install the Windows Subsystem for Linux
Link

Outline

  1. Enable Windows Feature
    • Microsoft Windows Subsystem Linux
  2. Review OS Version
    • Issue SystemInfo and get OS Version and Build Number
  3. Choose Install Location, based on Build Number
    • If Build Number > 16215
      • We can install from Windows Store
    • Else
      • Enable Windows Developer Mode
      • Start Bash or use “lxrun /install“
  4. Register Product
  5. Create Linux User
  6. Set root user’s password

 

Install Steps

Enable Windows Optional Features

Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux

Code

powershell -C "Enable-WindowsOptionalFeature -Online -FeatureName Microsoft-Windows-Subsystem-Linux"

System Info

Code


powershell -C "systeminfo | Select-String 'OS' "

Output

version_20180610_0902PM

Explanation

As our Build Number ( 17134 ) is greater than 16215, we can install via “Microsoft Store“.

Microsoft Store

Visit Microsoft Store and search for Linux.

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/search/result.aspx?q=linux

Here is the result of that search:

MicrosoftStore_Linux.PNG

 

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12

We chose to go with SE Linux.

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 – Get

SUSELinuxEnterprise_20180610_0905PM.PNG

Use across your devices

UseAcrossYourDevices_20180610_0906PM.PNG

Add your Microsoft account to Microsoft Store

AddYourMicrosoftAccountToMicrosoftStore_20180610_0921PM [brushedup].PNG

Enter Password

AddYourMicrosoftAccountToMicrosoftStore_EnterPassword_20180610_0923PM.PNG

Installing

Installing_20180610_0911PM

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 – Registration +User

registration_20180610_0926PM.PNG

SUSE Linux Enterprise Server 12 – Registration +User +Password

registrationUserAndPassword_20180610_0927PM.PNG

Validation

Bash

uname

Get Linux Version

Code


uname -r

Output

bash_uname_20180610_0938PM

List Users

Code


cat /etc/passwd

Output

security_users_20180610_0947PM.PNG

References

  1. Microsoft
    • Install the Windows Subsystem for Linux
      • Install the Windows Subsystem for Linux
        Link
    • Rich Turner
      • Bash on Ubuntu on Windows – Download Now!
        Link

Linux – Disk Utilization using du

Daniel Adeniji du, Linux, Linux Commands, sort, Technical

Background

End of Year, Beginning of a new year, and end of Month are often good times to stress a computer system.

We have had our systems stressed these last couple of months.

Often it is running low on disk space, a lot of higher than normal database backup and log backups.

 

MS Windows

Microsoft Tools

On Windows I will often use Microsoft’s own Computer Management to review disks logical size and utilization.

Or File Explorer and filter by size looking for huge ones.

Space Sniffer

Or better still SpaceSniffer.

I spoke about SpaceSniffer here.

Linux

I know I am avoiding talking about Linux.

And, so let us talk about Linux a bit.

du command

Introduction

I suppose du means disk utilization.

Help

First let us get a quick overview of what du does and the options it offers.

Syntax


du --help

Output

Explanation

What does it do?

Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for directories.

Options Tabulated

Option Meaning Usage
-a List files as well, not just directories Usage is du -a
-B Block Size -b 1 is default
-b 1024 means to divide the actual size by 1 K
-h Human readable  usage is du -h
–exclude=PATTERN Exclude files based on certain filename or extension du -a -B 1 -h –exclude=*.gz /dbbackup
 –max-depth  Our many folders down to go  du –max-depth=4 /dbbackup

 

Sample

Block Size ( -B)
Sample ( Block Size at 1 )

du -a -B 1 /dbbackup | grep "sql"
Output

Explanation
  1. /dbbackup/gregory/export.sql is 4096

 

Sample ( Block Size at 1024 )

du -a -B 1024 /dbbackup | grep "sql"
Output

Explanation
  1. /dbbackup/gregory/export.sql
    • was at 4096
    • But, now is 4
      • 4096/1024 => 4

 

Human Readable ( -h)
Sample ( Block Size at 1024 )

du -a -h *.sql
Output

Explanation
  1. /dbbackup/gregory/export.sql
    • was at 4096
    • But, now a more readable 4.0 K

 

exclude ( -exclude=filter)
Sample ( Exclude files already compressed via gzip )

du -a --exclude=*.gz
max-depth=N
Depth to show = 1

du --max-depth=1 -h /dbbackup
Output
 
Depth to show = 4

du --max-depth=4 -h /dbbackup
Output

Explanation
  1. In our first sample:
    • We progressed down only one folder tree from our asking node ( /dbbackup )
  2. In our second example:
    • We went down 4 levels from our root from /dbbackup

 

Use case scenario

Use case #1

Get Folder Size for our backup folder ( /dbbackup)

Baseline

Sample

du --max-depth=4 /dbbackup
Output

 

Silence Errors

There is an error for “permission denied“.

Let us silence it for now.

Sample

du --max-depth=4 /dbbackup 2>1 | grep -v 'permission denied'
Output

Explanation
  1. Using 2>1
    • We redirect errors such as permission denied to standard output
  2. Using grep -v
    • We filter out ‘permission denied’

 

Ordered Results

Let us order by size.

Sample

du --max-depth=4 /dbbackup 2>1 | grep -v 'permission denied' | sort -nr
Output

 

References

  1. StackOverflow
    • Exclude all permission denied messages from “du”
      Link

Linux – Disk Utilization [ du ]

Daniel Adeniji du, Linux, Linux Commands, Technical

Background

Let us quickly discuss using “Disk Utilization“, du, to list disk utilization on a Linux System.

BTW, we will be targeting folder level information.

Options

Tabulated

Option Option Short Form Option Long Form Sample
Human Readable -h –human-readable K – Kilobytes
M – Megabytes
G – Gigabytes
T – Terabytes
Total -c –total du –total
Summarize -s –summarize du -s
du –summarize

Sample

Human Readable

Command


du -h *  2>/dev/null

Output

Total

Objective

  1. List sizes for the following folders and at the tail end list aggregated size, as well
    • db2inst1/sqllib/acs
    • db2inst1/sqllib/db2tss

Command


du -c db2inst1/sqllib/acs db2inst1/sqllib/db2tss 2>/dev/null | more

Output

Summarize

Summarize for specific folders

Objective
  1. Summarize sized for the following folders
    • db2inst1/sqllib/acs
    • db2inst1/sqllib/db2tss
Command

du -s db2inst1/sqllib/acs db2inst1/sqllib/db2tss 2>/dev/null | more
Output

Summarize for all folders

Objective
  1. Summarize all sub-folders
Command

du -s * 2>/dev/null | more
Output

Summarize for all folders and Ordered

Objective
  1. Summarize all sub-folders
  2. And, order the results
Command

du -s * 2>/dev/null | sort -nr
Output

References

  1. Lifewire
    • How To Find How Much Disk Space A File Or Folder Uses In Linux
      Link
  2. Stack Exchange
    • Listing directories based on size from largest to smallest on single line
      Link

MySQL on Linux – Checking Log files

Daniel Adeniji Configuration ( MySQL), Linux, Log files ( MySQL), MySQL, Putty, Technical

Background

I am am On-Call this week.

As we have a System Reconfiguration slated for late hours when changes that includes system downtime are often scheduled to occur, my manager checked-in with me to see whether I was OK being assigned the Task.

I said Yes, and so here I find myself gauging my actual readiness.

 

On-Call Check Preparedness

Our team lead has written a very nice detailed document that covers each database platform( DB/2, Oracle, MySQL on Linux and SQL Server on Windows).

 

Outline

As all Databases that run on Linux have pretty much the system administrative steps, here is a condense straightforward list:

  1. Initiate SSH to Linux Host
  2. Authenticate
  3. sudo to DB Engine User
  4. Connect to DB Instance
  5. Change context to problematic database
  6. Review Error Logs
  7. Review System Metrics ( Disk / Memory / and CPU )

 

MySQL on Linux

SSH to Linux

Putty

  1. Hostname = Hostname
  2. Port = 22
  3. Connection Type :- SSH

Image

 

Authenticate

Steps

  1. Login as :- <username>
  2. Password :- <password>

Image

Authenticated

Image

 

Confirm user running mysql

Code


ps aux | grep 'sql' | grep -v 'grep'

Output

Explanation

  1. There are two mysql processes
    • /usr/bin/mysql_safe
      • user :- root
    • /usr/sbin/mysqld
      • user :- mysql
      • daemon process :- mysqld
      • basedir :- /usr
      • datadir :- /data/mysql
      • user :- myssql/err_log/mysql-err.log
      • port :- 3306
  2. What is the difference between the two processes
    • /usr/bin/mysql_safe
      • It is the bootstrap process
      • It ensures that mysqld is running and restarted if knocked down
    • /usr/sbin/mysqld
      • Actual mysql daemon process

sudo to DB Engine User

We are interested in the actual daemon and so we will target mysql.

sudo command

Syntax

sudo su - [account]
Code

sudo su - mysql

Output

Entered password

 

validate sudo user

Syntax

env | grep "USER"
Output

Connect to mysql

Code


mysql -h localhost

Output

 

Get Configuration Information – log file

Code


show global variables like '%log%'

Output

Explanation

variable_name value meaning
general_log OFF Debug Mode. Should only be used during brief troubleshooting sessions.  Logs all connections and query submissions.
general_log_file /logs/mysql/mysqld.log  Log file
log OFF  In MySQL v5.1.29, deprecated in favor of general-log
log_error  /logs/mysql/err_log/mysql-err.log Errors and Startup messages
log_output FILE This option determines the destination for general query log and slow query log output. The option value can be given as one or more of the words TABLE, FILE, or NONE. TABLE select logging to the general_log and slow_log tables in the mysql database as a destination. FILE selects logging to log files as a destination. NONE disables logging. ( Link )
log_queries_not_using_indexes OFF To include queries that do not use indexes for row lookups in the statements written to the slow query log
log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes OFF  To include queries that do not use indexes for row lookups in the statements written to the slow query log, enable the log_queries_not_using_indexessystem variable. When such queries are logged, the slow query log may grow quickly. It is possible to put a rate limit on these queries by setting the log_throttle_queries_not_using_indexes system variable. By default, this variable is 0, which means there is no limit. Positive values impose a per-minute limit on logging of queries that do not use indexes. The first such query opens a 60-second window within which the server logs queries up to the given limit, then suppresses additional queries. If there are suppressed queries when the window ends, the server logs a summary that indicates how many there were and the aggregate time spent in them. The next 60-second window begins when the server logs the next query that does not use indexes.
( Link )
log_slow_queries OFF  Slow query log.
Deprecated in favor of slow_query_log ( 5.1.29 ).
Please see here and here.
log_warnings 2  Print out warnings such as Aborted connection… to the error log. This option is enabled (1) by default. To disable it, use –log-warnings=0. Specifying the option without a level value increments the current value by 1. Enabling this option by setting it greater than 0 is recommended, for example, if you use replication (you get more information about what is happening, such as messages about network failures and reconnections). If the value is greater than 1, aborted connections are written to the error log, and access-denied errors for new connection attempts are written.
( Link )
long_query_time 2  If a query takes longer than this many seconds, the server increments the Slow_queries status variable. If the slow query log is enabled, the query is logged to the slow query log file. This value is measured in real time, not CPU time, so a query that is under the threshold on a lightly loaded system might be above the threshold on a heavily loaded one. The minimum and default values of long_query_time are 0 and 10, respectively.
slow_query_log OFF Whether the slow query log is enabled. The value can be 0 (or OFF) to disable the log or 1 (or ON) to enable the log.

The destination for log output is controlled by the log_output system variable; if that value is NONE, no log entries are written even if the log is enabled.
slow_query_log_file /logs/mysql/slow-queries.log  File name to log Slow query

 

 

More Concise Queries

Query -01

show global variables where variable_name in 
( 
      'general_log'
    , 'general_log_file'
    , 'log_error'
    , 'log_warnings'
    , 'long_query_time'
    , 'slow_query_log'
    , 'slow_query_log_file'
);
Output -01

View Log files

mysql_err.log

tail


tail /logs/mysql/err_log/mysql-err.log

output

Explanation

  1. Not much bad going on

 

References

  1. mysql
    • Show Variables
      • Log Destinations
        Link
      • Show Variables
        Link
    • Server System Variables
      • System Server Variables
        Link
    • log Warnings
      • MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual / .. / Communication Errors and Aborted Connections // B.5.2.11 Communication Errors and Aborted Connections
        Link
    • General Query & Slow Query Log Output
      • 5.4.1 Selecting General Query and Slow Query Log Output Destinations
        Link
    • log_slow_queries
      • server-options.html#option_mysqld_log-slow-queries
        Link
    • Slow Query Log
      • MySQL 5.7 Reference Manual /Slow Query Log
        Link
  2. mySQL VS mysqld
    • How to start mysqld through mysqld_safe
      Link
  3. pontikis.net
    • How and When To Enable MySQL Logs
      Link
  4. Unix Commands
    • ps
      • nixcraft
        • Warning: bad syntax, perhaps a bogus ‘-‘? See /usr/share/doc/procps-3.2.7/FAQ
          Link
        • Quick Shell Tip: Remove grep command while grepping something using ps command
          Link
    • sudo
      • StackExchange
        • Where does sudo get the currently logged in username from?
          Link

SQL Server – Analysis Services – Cannot Connect ( Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient )

Daniel Adeniji Connectivity ( Analysis Services ), Microsoft, Network Tracing, Networking, SQL Server, SQL Server Analysis Services (SSAS), Technical , , , ,

Background

Users are having problems connecting to the Analysis Services Server.

 

Error Message

Image

Text


TITLE: Connect to Server
------------------------------

Cannot connect to ....sql01.

------------------------------
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION:

A connection cannot be made. Ensure that the server is running. (Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient)

------------------------------

A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, 
or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond z.y.76.188:2383 (System)

Text


===================================

Cannot connect to d-isql01.

===================================

A connection cannot be made. Ensure that the server is running. (Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient)

------------------------------
Program Location:

at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.XmlaClient.GetTcpClient(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.XmlaClient.OpenTcpConnection(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.XmlaClient.OpenConnection(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo, Boolean& isSessionTokenNeeded)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.XmlaClient.Connect(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo, Boolean beginSession)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.AdomdConnection.XmlaClientProvider.Connect(Boolean toIXMLA)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.AdomdConnection.XmlaClientProvider.Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.AdomdConnection.IXmlaClientProviderEx.ConnectXmla()
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.AdomdConnection.ConnectToXMLA(Boolean createSession, Boolean isHTTP)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.AdomdConnection.Open()
at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.SqlStudio.Explorer.ObjectExplorerService.ValidateConnection(UIConnectionInfo ci, IServerType server)
at Microsoft.SqlServer.Management.UI.ConnectionDlg.Connector.ConnectionThreadUser()

===================================

A connection attempt failed because the connected party did not properly respond after a period of time, or established connection failed because connected host has failed to respond xx.xx.xx.xx:2383 (System)

------------------------------
Program Location:

at System.Net.Sockets.TcpClient..ctor(String hostname, Int32 port)
at Microsoft.AnalysisServices.AdomdClient.XmlaClient.GetTcpClient(ConnectionInfo connectionInfo)

TroubleShooting

Server

Resource Monitor

If the server has Microsoft’s Resource Monitor built-in let us use to it to review Network Ports.

Image

Explanation

  1. Listening Ports
    • Image :-
      • msmdsrv.exe
    • Address :-
      • IPV4 unspecified
      • IPV6 unspecified
    • Port :-
      • 2383
    • Protocol
      • TCP
    • Firewall Status
      • Allowed, not restricted

 

Client

netstat

Script


netstat -an | find "SYN_SENT"

Sample Output

Explanation

  1. Request was sent to port 2383
  2. Status is SYN_SENT
    • SYN_SENT means waiting on a reply

Remediation

Open up TCP Port 2383.

 

Review

Once the Network Port, 2383, is opened up retry access with SSMS.

 

Network Flow

Also, it makes sense to review the Network Traffic to get a full list of ports to be opened.

WireShark

Output

 

Explanation

Seems Analysis Services exclusively relies on port 2383.

Linux – Finding Text in Log Files – Day 1

Daniel Adeniji grep, Linux, Linux Commands, Microsoft, Technical

Background

Don’t really spend much time in the Linux World.

But, there are many Application Servers that sit on Linux Servers and rely on SQL Server on Windows.

 

Log Files

When error occurs a good Application Server write these errors in Log Files.

After a while needs develop to trend the type of DB Connectivity and more serious hard errors.

 

Sample Log Files

As we discussed in a recent post, we copied over SQL Server Error Log files over to Linux.

 

Text Search

grep

Let us use grep to perform simple Text Searches.

Scenario

Look for Text Matching Manufacturer

Script

grep -w -i -l -n  "Manufacturer" ERRORLOG
Output

Explanation
  1. No matches

 

Remediation

Attempted Workarounds

We tried the following workarounds

  1. Worked
    • Created a much simple text file and was able to grep against it
  2. Did Not Help
    • Modified copy over mode to binary and back to text
    • Command Issued
      • cat ERRORLOG | grep -i “manufacturer”

 

Worked

Code


cat ERRORLOG | tr -d '\000' | grep -i "manufacturer"

Output

Why does it work

  1. Cat
    • Outputs a file’s content
  2. tr – stands for translate
    • tr -d ‘\000’
      • -d means delete
      • \000 means null character

Crediting

What makes grep consider a file to be binary?
Link

When you are top 13% on stackexchange, you are one of the Big Boys and Girls.

 

Linux & Windows – Simple File Transfer Using FileZilla

Daniel Adeniji FileZilla, Linux, Microsoft, Technical

Background

There is a little insight that I need to reach for.

It has to do with LogFiles on a couple of Application Servers that run on Linux.

 

Preparation

I tried creating some sample text files on the Linux host, but I could only type in three lines or so.

I know that I generate a lot of errors on my SQL Server boxes, so opted to avail those on the Linux boxes and play with those instead.

 

Tools

FileZilla

FileZilla is free, Open Source, and there is a Portable Version.

Download

Download it from here.

 

Avail

Availed it by launching the *.paf.exe file

 

Launch

Configure Host through Site Manager

Let us explicitly configure our remote Host.

Access Site Manager through menu items “File” \ “Site Manager …”

Image

Explanation
  1. Enter Host Name
  2. Protocol :- SFTP – SSH File Transfer Protocol
  3. Logon Type :- interactive
  4. User :- Enter your user name
    • In our case dadeniji
  5. Password :- Enter your password
    • As we chose Interactive for Logon Type, the password text box is disabled
  6. Click the Connect to connect to the remote host

 

File Listing

Image
Before

 

After

Please navigate your directory structure, select the files you want to copy over, and drag and drop them onto the Target Folder.